先週に続いて、今回もCodeIgniterのお話です。
今週は、データベースクラスについてです。
CodeIgniterで利用できるデータベースは、SQL Server、MySQL、Oracle、ODBC、
PostgreSQL、SQLiteです。
今週は、データベースクラスについてです。
CodeIgniterで利用できるデータベースは、SQL Server、MySQL、Oracle、ODBC、
PostgreSQL、SQLiteです。
まずは、database.phpでデータベース設定をします。
/CodeIgniter/system/application/config/database.php
データベースの設定はデフォルトではこのようになっています。
環境に応じてユーザー名、パスワードなどを入れます。
$active_recordがtrueにすると、ActiveRecordが使えるようになります。
基本的なデータの取得方法はこのように書きます。
(例1：データの取得）
(例2：データの挿入）
もうひとつ、ActiveRecordを使った場合の書き方もあります。
(例3：データの取得:ActiveRecordを使った場合）
(例4：データの挿入：ActiveRecordを使った場合）
ActiveRecordを使うと、SQL部分が短くなりました。
エスケープ処理もしてくれます。
ActiveRecordは使い方を覚えなければいけませんが、
データーベースに依存したSQLを書かなくてもよくなるところがメリットです。
では、このようなSQL文の場合はActiveRecordで書くことはできるのでしょうか？
select id, name, current_timestamp from exampleTable
３つめは現在の日時を取得するANSI標準の関数です。
では例３のSQLの実行部分を次のように変えてみます。
current_timestampのところがNULLになってしまいました。。。。
なので・・・current_timestamp関数のところは・・・
このように入れてあげます。
MySQLでは、現在の時刻も取得できました。
()のない関数は、()をつけると取得できるようです。
whereやorder byが入った場合は、こんな感じで書きます。
where句を指定する方法はいろいろありますが、個人的には文字列を使った方法
で書いています。
先にwhereとorder_byの部分を書いて、その後にselect文、insert文、update文
にあたる部分を書きます。
複雑なSQL文になるとActiveRecordは実装しづらいですが、
それほど複雑なSQLを使わない場合は利用する価値はあると思います。
次回もCodeIgniterについて書きたいと思います。
/CodeIgniter/system/application/config/database.php
$active_group = "default";
$active_record = TRUE;
$db['default']['hostname'] = "localhost";
$db['default']['username'] = "";
$db['default']['password'] = "";
$db['default']['database'] = "";
$db['default']['dbdriver'] = "mysql";
$db['default']['dbprefix'] = "";
$db['default']['pconnect'] = TRUE;
$db['default']['db_debug'] = TRUE;
$db['default']['cache_on'] = FALSE;
$db['default']['cachedir'] = "";
$db['default']['char_set'] = "utf8";
$db['default']['dbcollat'] = "utf8_general_ci";
データベースの設定はデフォルトではこのようになっています。
環境に応じてユーザー名、パスワードなどを入れます。
$active_recordがtrueにすると、ActiveRecordが使えるようになります。
基本的なデータの取得方法はこのように書きます。
(例1：データの取得）
<?
class Example extends Contoroller{
function index()
{
// データベースを初期化
$this->load->database();
// SQLクエリを実行する
$query = $this->db->query('select id, name from exampleTable');
// 結果を表示
foreach( $query->result() as $row ){
echo $row->id;
echo $row->name;
}
}
}
(例2：データの挿入）
<?
class Example extends Contoroller{
function index()
{
// データベースを初期化
$this->load->database();
// 登録するデータ
$id = 1;
$name = "さんぷる";
$SQL = "insert into exampleTable ( id, name
) values (
$this->db->escape($id),
$this->db->escape($name)
)";
// SQLクエリを実行する
$query = $this->db->query($SQL);
}
}
もうひとつ、ActiveRecordを使った場合の書き方もあります。
(例3：データの取得:ActiveRecordを使った場合）
<?
class Example extends Contoroller{
function index()
{
// データベースを初期化
$this->load->database();
// SQLの実行(select id, name from exampleTable)
$this->db->select('id, name');
$query = $this->db->get('exampleTable');
// 結果を表示
foreach( $query->result() as $row ){
echo $row->id;
echo $row->name;
}
}
}
(例4：データの挿入：ActiveRecordを使った場合）
<?
class Example extends Contoroller{
function index()
{
// 登録するデータ
$id = 1;
$name = "さんぷる";
// データベースを初期化
$this->load->database();
// SQLクエリを実行する( insert into exampleTable ( id, name ) values (
$id, $name) )
$this->db->set('id', $id );
$this->db->set('name', $name );
$this->db->insert('exampleTable');
}
}
ActiveRecordを使うと、SQL部分が短くなりました。
エスケープ処理もしてくれます。
ActiveRecordは使い方を覚えなければいけませんが、
データーベースに依存したSQLを書かなくてもよくなるところがメリットです。
では、このようなSQL文の場合はActiveRecordで書くことはできるのでしょうか？
select id, name, current_timestamp from exampleTable
３つめは現在の日時を取得するANSI標準の関数です。
では例３のSQLの実行部分を次のように変えてみます。
// SQLの実行
$this->db->select('id, name, current_timestamp');
$query = $this->db->get('exampleTable');
current_timestampのところがNULLになってしまいました。。。。
なので・・・current_timestamp関数のところは・・・
このように入れてあげます。
// SQLの実行
$this->db->select('id, name, current_timestamp()');
$query = $this->db->get('exampleTable');
MySQLでは、現在の時刻も取得できました。
()のない関数は、()をつけると取得できるようです。
whereやorder byが入った場合は、こんな感じで書きます。
$where = "a = 'hogehoge' and b = 2";
$this->db->where($where);
$this->db->order_by('a');
$query = $this->db->get('exampleTable'); // select * from exampleTable
where句を指定する方法はいろいろありますが、個人的には文字列を使った方法
で書いています。
先にwhereとorder_byの部分を書いて、その後にselect文、insert文、update文
にあたる部分を書きます。
複雑なSQL文になるとActiveRecordは実装しづらいですが、
それほど複雑なSQLを使わない場合は利用する価値はあると思います。
次回もCodeIgniterについて書きたいと思います。
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